| Accuracy and reliability of infrared analyzers for measuring human milk macronutrients in a milk bank setting |
2019 |
964 |
Background: Infrared (IR) analysis is an emerging technology that may be a useful tool for milk banks to manage the nutrient variability in donor human milk. Objective: To evaluate the accuracy, reliability, and comparability of commercial infrared a... |
| Bacterial content of fortified and unfortified Holder pasteurized donor human milk during prolonged refrigerated storage |
2019 |
360 |
Objective: To assess the microbial growth in unfortified and fortified Holder pasteurized donor human milk (HPDHM) during 96 hours of refrigerated storage in a clinical setting. Methods: Thirty-six unfortified samples and 77 fortified samples of HPDH... |
| Bacteria and bioactivity in Holder pasteurized and shelf stable human milk products |
2017 |
269 |
Background: Historically, Holder pasteurization has been used to pasteurize donor human milk available in a hospital setting. There is extensive research that provides an overview of the impact of Holder pasteurization on bioactive components of huma... |
| A cross-sectional study of fatty acids and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in human milk from lactating women following vegan, vegetarian, and omnivore diets |
2019 |
1612 |
Purpose: Essential fatty acids are critical for brain growth and neurodevelopment in infancy. Maternal diet and supplement use have a significant impact on the fat composition of human milk. The objective of this study is to assess supplement utiliza... |
| Current trends in research on human milk exchange for infant feeding |
2019 |
430 |
Breastfeeding is critical for the healthy growth and development of infants. A diverse range of infant-feeding methods are used around the world today. Many methods involve feeding infants with expressed human milk obtained through human milk exchang... |
| Donor human milk and fortifier use in United States level 2, 3, and 4 neonatal care hospitals |
2018 |
1431 |
Objective: In 2011, the United States Surgeon General issued a call to action to “identify and address obstacles to greater availability of safe banked donor milk for fragile infants.” The purpose of the present study is to analyze patterns in donor ... |
| The effects of fortification and refrigerated storage on bioactive proteins in Holder-pasteurized donor human milk |
2019 |
1057 |
Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the total protein, lysozyme, and immunoglobulin A (IgA) content of unfortified and fortified Holder-pasteurized donor human milk (HPDHM) during 96 hours of refrigerated storage. Study Design: HPDHM was pr... |
| The effects of refrigerated and frozen storage on Holder pasteurized donor human milk: A systematic review |
2018 |
1397 |
Background: Pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM) is the recommended feeding alternative for preterm infants when mother's own milk is not available. Use of PDHM in United States neonatal hospitals is increasing, although guidelines for the refrigerate... |
| Expanding the supply of pasteurized donor milk: Understanding why peer-to-peer milk sharers in the United States do not donate to milk banks |
2016 |
302 |
Background: Lactating women in the United States have several options for what they do with excess breast milk, including donating to milk banks that serve medically fragile infants, sharing directly with families seeking milk, and selling to individ... |
| Fat and protein variability in donor human milk and associations with milk banking processes |
2020 |
1011 |
Background: The impact of milk banking processes on macronutrient variability in donor human milk (DHM) is largely unknown. Objective: To gain a better understanding of fat and protein composition in DHM and assess potential relationships with modifi... |
| The Intricacies of Induced Lactation for Same-Sex Mothers of an Adopted Child |
2015 |
1024 |
The definition of a modern family is changing. In this case study, we describe the breastfeeding experience of a child receiving human milk from all 3 of his mothers: his 2 adoptive mothers, who induced lactation to nurse him, and his birth mother, w... |
| A longitudinal study of human milk composition in the second year postpartum: Implications for donor milk banking |
2016 |
352 |
While the composition of human milk has been studied extensively in the first year of lactation, there is a paucity of data regarding human milk composition beyond one year postpartum. Policies vary at milk banks around the world regarding how long l... |
| Macronutrient variability in human milk from donors to a milk bank: Implications for feeding preterm infants |
2019 |
1043 |
Background and objective: The composition of human milk varies widely and impacts the ability to meet nutrient requirements for preterm infants. The purpose of this study is to use a large dataset of milk composition from donors to a milk bank to: (1... |
| A mixed-methods observational study of human milk sharing communities on Facebook |
2014 |
1152 |
Objectives: The Food and Drug Administration discourages the casual sharing of human milk because of the risk of pathogen transmission. No information is currently available on the prevalence of this practice. The purpose of this mixed-methods observ... |
| The nutritional composition and energy content of donor human milk: A systematic review |
2020 |
1026 |
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends donor human milk (DHM) as the preferred feeding strategy for preterm infants when the milk of the mother is unavailable, based on conclusive evidence of lower rates of necrotizing enterocolitis with DHM f... |
| The Nutritive and Immunoprotective Quality of Human Milk beyond 1 Year Postpartum: Are Lactation-Duration-Based Donor Exclusions Justified? |
2013 |
341 |
Donor human milk is critical for the fragile preterm infant who does not have access to his or her mother’s milk, improving survival rates and quality of survival and decreasing hospital stay. Despite the opening of donor milk banks around the world,... |
| A pilot study on nutrients, antimicrobial proteins, and bacteria in commerce-free models for exchanging expressed human milk in the USA |
2018 |
982 |
Expressed human milk can be donated or sold through a variety of channels, including human milk banks, corporations or individuals, or peer-to-peer milk sharing. There is a paucity of research regarding the nutrient and bioactive profiles of expresse... |
| A Pilot Study on the Protein Composition of Induced Nonpuerperal Human Milk. Journal of Human Lactation |
2015 |
374 |
Background: Our understanding of the components of human puerperal milk is extensive and increasing, yet the literature on nonpuerperal human milk has been limited to studies that measure the success of induced lactation. Objective: This study aimed ... |
| Storage of unfed and leftover mothers’ own milk |
2018 |
258 |
Objective: The objective was to examine the bacteriological and immunological properties of freshly expressed, previously frozen, and leftover mothers' own milk during storage. Materials and Methods: In the first of two pilot studies, 12 mother-infan... |
| Storage of unfed and leftover pasteurized human milk |
2016 |
283 |
Objective: To determine the impact of storage on bacterial growth and immunological activity of pasteurized human milk and leftover pasteurized human milk that has been exposed to the microflora in an infant's mouth. Materials and Methods: Eighteen m... |
| Total water-soluble choline concentration does not differ in milk from vegan, vegetarian, and non-vegetarian lactating women |
2019 |
1093 |
Background: Choline is an essential nutrient for brain growth and other processes in the developing neonate. The impact of a maternal plant-based diet on the choline composition of breast milk is unknown. Objective: We assessed the water-soluble chol... |
| Vitamin B12 content in breast milk of vegan, vegetarian, and non-vegetarian lactating women in the United States |
2018 |
1172 |
Background: The nutritional profile of human milk varies significantly between women, and the impact of maternal diet on these variations is not well understood. Objective: We analyzed breast-milk vitamin B-12 concentration and vitamin B-12 supplemen... |