Copper speciation in coastal rain and estuarine water

UNCW Author/Contributor (non-UNCW co-authors, if there are any, appear on document)

Cliff Reid Smith (Creator)

Institution

The University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW )

Web Site: http://library.uncw.edu/

Abstract: Copper exists in two oxidation states in natural waters, Cu(I) and Cu(II). Determining the speciation of copper rather than its total concentration is essential in order to assess the atmospheric reactivity and environmental fate of copper in the troposphere. The concentration and speciation of copper was determined in rainwater samples from Wilmington, North Carolina, from August 25, 2000 to September 24, 2002. Volume weighted average concentrations of Cutotal, Cu(I), and Cu(II) in rainwater were 5.3 nM, 1.4 nM, and 3.2 nM, respectively. An undetermined ligand may be stabilizing Cu(I) in authentic rainwater. Rainwater Cu(II) concentrations were significantly higher in the summer, whereas Cu(I) concentrations were significantly higher in the winter. The calculated atmospheric flux of copper, 504 µg m-2 yr-1, is in good agreement with the calculated copper flux at Florianopolis, Brazil and two Maryland Chesapeake Bay sites. Copper(I) and Cu(II) concentrations were not correlated with each other and Cu(II) concentrations did not correlate with any other rainwater analyte. Significant positive correlations were found between Cu(I) and DOC, SO42-, NO3-, and Fetotal. All copper species (Cu(I), Cu(II), Cutotal, Cuparticulate) showed an inverse correlation with rainfall amount. All copper species increased in concentration with decreasing rainwater pH. All copper species were higher for storms of continental origin versus storms of coastal origin. No diurnal variations were seen with Cu(I). However, Cu(II) concentrations had a maximum between 12 pm – 6 pm. It is possible that Fe oxyhydroxides with adsorbed Cu(II) undergo reactions that release Cu(II) in the presence of sunlight. Contamination by trace metals, such as copper, contributes to the degradation of estuarine systems in many areas, including North Carolina. Speciation, or the distribution of copper among its various chemical forms, controls the reactivity, toxicity, and bioavailability of the metal in estuarine sediments and water, as in rain. Estuarine water samples were collected and analyzed for Cu(I) during April, July, and November of 2001 and March 2002. The percentage of total copper as Cu(I) varied from 1.9% - 4.1% with an overall average of 3.4%. No flux of Cu(I) was observed into or out of the water overlying the estuarine sediments in controlled laboratory experiments. Almost the same amount of copper that enters the Cape Fear River estuary from atmospheric deposition (8.7 X 102 moles Cu/year) fluxes into the sediments (5.8 X 102 moles Cu/year).

Copper speciation in coastal rain and estuarine water
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Additional Information

Publication

Thesis

A Thesis Submitted to the University of North Carolina Wilmington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science

Language: English

Date: 2009

Keywords

Copper--North Carolina--Environmental aspects, Copper--Speciation, Rain and rainfall--Environmental aspects--North Carolina, Rain-water (Water-supply)--Testing--North Carolina, Water quality--Effect of minerals on--North Carolina--Cape Fear River Estuary

Subjects

Copper -- Speciation

Rain-water (Water-supply) -- Testing -- North Carolina

Rain and rainfall -- Environmental aspects -- North Carolina

Water quality -- Effect of minerals on -- North Carolina -- Cape Fear River Estuary

Copper -- North Carolina -- Environmental aspects

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