| Appetitive motivation in depressive anhedonia: Effects of piece-rate cash rewards on cardiac and behavioral outcomes |
2019 |
1279 |
Deficits in self-regulation and motivation are central to depression. Using motivational intensity theory (Brehm & Self, 1989), the present research examined how depressive anhedonia influences effort during a piece-rate appetitive task. In piece-rat... |
| The basic science/clinical science interface and treatment development |
2004 |
208 |
Psychological constructs often are incorporated into treatments before they are investigated systematically from a basic-science perspective. We discuss the potential costs of such a sequence of events and the potential benefits of closer working tie... |
| Conscientiousness and effort-related cardiac activity in response to piece-rate cash incentives |
2018 |
998 |
Although conscientiousness predicts many aspects of motivation, from delay of gratification to higher achievement, its relationship to responses to monetary incentives is surprisingly inconsistent. Several studies have found null or negative relation... |
| Contrasting regulatory focus and reinforcement sensitivity: A daily diary study of goal pursuit and emotion. |
2012 |
2653 |
This study examined the moderating effects of motivational orientation on daily affect and goal pursuit. Based on recent revisions to Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory, measures of BIS (BIS-r and Fight–Flight–Freeze System or FFFS), BAS, and regulator... |
| Creative motivation: Creative achievement predicts cardiac autonomic markers of effort during divergent thinking |
2014 |
2976 |
Executive approaches to creativity emphasize that generating creative ideas can be hard and requires mental effort. Few studies, however, have examined effort-related physiological activity during creativity tasks. Using motivational intensity theory... |
| Depressive Anhedonia and Creative Self-concepts, Behaviors, and Achievements |
2020 |
653 |
In the large literature on creativity and mental illness, relatively few studies have explored anhedonia—impairments in anticipating, seeking, and experiencing rewards. This project explored self-reported creativity in a sample of adults who differed... |
| Do depressive symptoms "blunt" effort? an analysis of cardiac engagement and withdrawal for an increasingly difficult task |
2016 |
1148 |
Research on depression and effort has suggested “depressive blunting”—lower cardiovascular reactivity in response to challenges and stressors. Many studies, however, find null effects or higher reactivity. The present research draws upon motivational... |
| Dysphoria and self-focused attention: Effects of failure feedback on task performance and goal setting |
2012 |
973 |
This study investigated the effects of dysphoria and self-focused attention (SFA) on task performance and goal adjustment following negative performance feedback. Participants (70dysphoric and 70 nondysphoric) set a performance goal and completed an ... |
| Effectiveness of cognitive therapy for depression in a community mental health center: A benchmarking study |
2003 |
735 |
The current study examined the feasibility and effectiveness of transporting an empirically supported treatment for depression, cognitive therapy (CT), to a community mental health center setting. CT was delivered to 192 adult outpatients with major ... |
| The effects of psychotherapy for major depressive disorder on daily mood and functioning: A longitudinal experience sampling study |
2017 |
1164 |
Experience sampling methodology (ESM) was used in a randomized controlled trial of short-term therapy to examine changes in daily affect and reactivity to daily event appraisals among depressed patients. Fifty-five depressed adults (mean age 37 years... |
| Effort deficits and depression: The influence of anhedonic depressive symptoms on cardiac autonomic activity during a mental challenge |
2014 |
2040 |
Motivational approaches to depression emphasize the role of dysfunctional motivational dynamics, particularly diminished reward and incentive processes associated with anhedonia. A study examined how anhedonic depressive symptoms, measured continuous... |
| Evaluating the RZ Interval and the Pre-ejection Period as Impedance Cardiography Measures of Effort-Related Cardiac Sympathetic Activity |
2018 |
666 |
Research on effort and motivation commonly measures how the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system affects the cardiovascular system. The cardiac pre-ejection period (PEP), assessed via impedance cardiography, is a widely-used sympathetic... |
| Evaluation of the Internal Consistency, Factor Structure, and Validity of the Depression Change Expectancy Scale |
2014 |
2181 |
The psychometric properties and predictive validity of the Depression Change Expectancy Scale (DCES), a modification of an expectancy scale originally developed for patients with anxiety disorders, were examined in two studies. In Study 1, the 20-ite... |
| Everyday Creativity in Daily Life: An Experience-sampling Study of “little c” Creativity |
2014 |
13130 |
Richards proposed that everyday creativity—creative actions that are common among ordinary people in daily life, such as drawing, making recipes, writing, and any activity done with the purpose of being creative—both fosters and reflects psychologica... |
| Genetic influences on human conditionability: A twin study of the conditioned eyeblink response |
1999 |
179 |
Acquisition of the classically conditioned eyeblink response is generally regarded as one of the most basic forms of associative learning. A great deal is known about how the brain encodes this simple form of learning, so that performance of this tas... |
| Gritty People Try Harder: Grit and Effort-related Cardiac Autonomic Activity during an Active Coping Challenge |
2013 |
3342 |
Grit, a recently proposed personality trait associated with persistence for long-range goals, predicts achievement in a wide range of important life outcomes. Using motivational intensity theory, the present research examined the physiological underp... |
| The impact of goal adjustment and caregiver burden on psychological distress among caregivers of cancer patients |
2019 |
1518 |
Objectives: Research has demonstrated that serving in the caregiver role is often associated with increased symptoms of depression, stress, and anxiety, but some people fare better than others in managing the burden of caregiving. The goal of the pre... |
| The impact of prior day sleep and physical activity on the cortisol awakening response |
2021 |
613 |
The cortisol awakening response (CAR) describes the increase in cortisol within the first 30–60 min after waking from nocturnal sleep, and is a common biomarker used within psychoneuroendocrinology, but the effect of sleep on the CAR is currently unc... |
| Individual differences in expectancies for change in depression: Associations with goal pursuit and daily experiences |
2016 |
1066 |
More optimistic expectations for change in patients entering treatment often predict more favorable outcomes. However, our understanding of the nature and function of those expectancies is limited. The current study tested the proposal that optimisti... |
| Intraclass Correlation Associated with Therapists: Estimates and Applications in Planning Psychotherapy Research |
2011 |
1756 |
It is essential that outcome research permit clear conclusions to be drawn about the efficacy of interventions. The common practice of nesting therapists within conditions can pose important methodological challenges that affect interpretation, parti... |
| Missed Beeps and Missing Data Dispositional and Situational Predictors of Nonresponse in Experience Sampling Research |
2013 |
1606 |
Experience sampling research measures people’s thoughts, feelings, and actions in their everyday lives by repeatedly administering brief questionnaires throughout the day. Nonresponse—failing to respond to these daily life questionnaires—has been a v... |
| Motivational deficits differentially predict improvement in a randomized trial of self-system therapy for depression |
2015 |
2294 |
Objective: A randomized trial compared the time course and differential predictors of symptom improvement in 2 treatments for depression. Method: Forty-nine adults (84% female) who were not taking antidepressant medications and met diagnostic criteri... |
| Neural correlates of emotional processing in depression: Changes with cognitive behavioral therapy and predictors of treatment response |
2011 |
2325 |
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by the presence of disturbances in emotional processing. However, the neural correlates of these alterations, and how they may be affected by therapeutic interventions, remain unclear. The present stud... |
| Neural correlates of idiographic goal priming in depression: goal-specific dysfunctions in the orbitofrontal cortex |
2009 |
1920 |
We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to determine whether depressed (vs non-depressed) adults showed differences in cortical activation in response to stimuli representing personal goals. Drawing upon regulatory focus theory as well a... |
| Neural Correlates of Promotion and Prevention Goal Activation: An fMRI Study using an Idiographic Approach |
2007 |
2094 |
Regulatory focus theory [Higgins, E. T. Beyond pleasure and pain. American Psychologist, 52, 1280-1300, 1997] postulates two social-cognitive motivational systems, the promotion and prevention systems, for self-regulation of goal pursuit. However, th... |
| Palm or Cell? Comparing Personal Digital Assistants and Cell Phones for Experience Sampling Research |
2013 |
2234 |
Personal digital assistants (PDA), particularly Palm Pilots, are popular data collection devices in experience sampling research. The declining availability of such devices, however, has prompted researchers to explore alternative technologies for si... |
| Perfectionism and causal attributions: An experience sampling approach |
2020 |
627 |
The primary aim of the study was to examine whether dimensions of perfectionism—socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) and self-oriented perfectionism (SOP)—were related to causal attributions, and to what extent event-specific attributions about so... |
| Perfectionism and effort-related cardiac activity: Do perfectionists try harder? |
2016 |
912 |
Do perfectionists try harder? Previous research on perfectionism and effort has used self-report items and task performance as indicators of effort. The current study investigated whether individual differences in perfectionism predicted effort-relat... |
| Perfectionism and the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in daily life: A brief report |
2019 |
936 |
Previous research indicates that socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) and self-oriented perfectionism (SOP) are associated with extrinsic and intrinsic motivation, respectively. However, little is known about the impact of daily intrinsic and extr... |
| Perfectionism, Goal Adjustment, and Self-Regulation: A Short-term Follow-up Study of Distress and Coping |
2014 |
4366 |
This study examined socially-prescribed and self-oriented perfectionism (SPP and SOP) and goal adjustment in relation to goal pursuit, depression, and coping. Students (N = 388) completed measures of perfectionism, idiographic goal pursuit, goal adju... |
| Psychiatric disorder and quality of life in patients awaiting lung transplantation |
2003 |
242 |
Study objective: To examine the relationship between psychiatric comorbidity and quality of life in patients awaiting lung transplantation. Setting: Duke University Medical Center/Lung Transplantation Program. Participants: One hundred patients with ... |
| Psychopathology, everyday behaviors, and autonomic activity in daily life: an ambulatory impedance cardiography study of depression, anxiety, and hypomanic traits |
2018 |
1304 |
Discrepancies regarding the link between autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity and psychopathology may be due in part to inconsistent measurement of non-psychological factors, including eating, drinking, activity, posture, and interacting with othe... |
| Reports of therapy skill use and their efficacy in daily life in the short-term treatment of depression |
2018 |
1072 |
Previous studies have shown that the use of therapy skills in between sessions is an important mechanism of symptom improvement. The current study expands this line of research by using a diary approach to examine the use of therapy skills in daily l... |
| Reward-seeking deficits in major depression: Unpacking appetitive task performance with ex-Gaussian response time variability analysis. |
2020 |
484 |
Major depressive disorder (MDD) has extensive ties to motivation, including impaired response time (RT) performance. Average RT, however, conflates response speed and variability, so RT differences can be complex. Because recent studies have shown in... |
| The role of personality in cognitive-behavioral therapies |
2004 |
899 |
Trait-based theories of personality explain behavior across situations based on a set of broad personality attributes or dimensions. In contrast, recent social-cognitive theories of personality emphasize the importance of context and take a combined ... |
| Role of social determinants in anxiety and depression symptoms during COVID-19: A longitudinal study of adults in North Carolina and Massachusetts |
2022 |
87 |
Trajectory studies of the COVID-19 pandemic have described patterns of symptoms over time. Yet, few have examined whether social determinants of health predict the progression of depression and anxiety symptoms during COVID-19 or identified which soc... |
| RZ Interval as an Impedance Cardiography Indicator of Effort-Related Cardiac Sympathetic Activity |
2020 |
1002 |
Research on effort and motivation commonly assesses how the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system affects the cardiovascular system. The cardiac pre-ejection period (PEP), assessed via impedance cardiography, is a common outcome, but ass... |
| Self-reflection, insight, and mood disorder symptoms: Evaluating the short form of the self-reflection and insight scale with clinical interviews and self-reports |
2022 |
906 |
The 20-item Self-reflection and Insight Scale (SRIS) is a widely used measure of individual differences in self-focused attention and private self-consciousness. In the present research, we examined the validity of a 12-item short form of the SRIS, w... |
| Self-report Measures of Anhedonia and Approach Motivation Weakly Correspond to Anhedonia and Depression Assessed via Clinical Interviews |
2021 |
600 |
Self-report scales are popular tools for measuring anhedonic experiences and motivational deficits, but how well do they reflect clinically significant anhedonia? Seventy-eight adults participated in face-to-face structured diagnostic interviews: 22 ... |
| Self-System Therapy as an Intervention for Self-Regulatory Dysfunction in Depression: A Randomized Comparison with Cognitive Therapy |
2006 |
4000 |
Self-system therapy (SST) is a new therapy based on regulatory focus theory (E. T. Higgins, 1997) for depressed individuals unable to pursue promotion goals effectively. The authors conducted a randomized trial comparing SST with cognitive therapy (C... |
| Single session real-time fMRI neurofeedback has a lasting impact on cognitive behavioral therapy strategies |
2018 |
265 |
To benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), individuals must not only learn new skills but also strategically implement them outside of session. Here, we tested a novel technique for personalizing CBT skills and facilitating their generalizat... |
| Treatment of depression from a self-regulation perspective: basic concepts and applied strategies in self-system therapy |
2017 |
1252 |
Self-regulation models of psychopathology provide a theory-based, empirically supported framework for developing psychotherapeutic interventions that complement and extend current cognitive-behavioral models. However, many clinicians are only minimal... |
| What were you Thinking? A Comparison of Rater Coding and word Counts for Content Analysis of Thought Samples in Depression |
2023 |
138 |
This study examined the convergence between two methods of thought content analysis, manual coding by trained raters and computer-generated word counts, in a sample of clinically depressed participants assessed before and after treatment. Automated w... |