Mutations and Deregulation of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR Cascades Which Alter Therapy Response

ECU Author/Contributor (non-ECU co-authors, if there are any, appear on document)

Jörg Bäsecke (Creator)

Saverio Candido (Creator)

Francesca Chiarini (Creator)

Lucio Cocco (Creator)

Camilla Evangelisti (Creator)

Massimo Libra (Creator)

Danijela Maksimovic-Ivanic (Creator)

Grazia Malaponte (Creator)

Fa Malaponte (Creator)

Alberto M. Martelli (Creator)

Maria C. Mazzarino (Creator)

Sanja Mijatovic (Creator)

Michele Milella (Creator)

Agostino Tafuri (Creator)

Institution

East Carolina University (ECU )

Web Site: http://www.ecu.edu/lib/

Abstract: The Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR cascades are often activated by genetic alterations in upstream signaling molecules such as receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK). Certain components of these pathways, RAS, NF1, BRAF, MEK1, DUSP5, PP2A, PIK3CA, PIK3R1, PIK3R4, PIK3R5, IRS4, AKT, NFKB1, MTOR, PTEN, TSC1, and TSC2 may also be activated/inactivated by mutations or epigenetic silencing. Upstream mutations in one signaling pathway or even in downstream components of the same pathway can alter the sensitivity of the cells to certain small molecule inhibitors. These pathways have profound effects on proliferative, apoptotic and differentiation pathways. Dysregulation of components of these cascades can contribute to: resistance to other pathway inhibitors, chemotherapeutic drug resistance, premature aging as well as other diseases. This review will first describe these pathways and discuss how genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations can result in resistance to various inhibitors.

Additional Information

Publication

Other

Oncotarget; 3:9 p. 954-987

Language: English

Date: 2012

Keywords

Mutations, Targeted Therapy, Akt, Raf, mTOR, Therapy Resistance, PI3K

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