Phoebe Ann Pollitt PhD

Dr. Phoebe A. Pollitt of Boone serves as a Professor in the Department of Nursing. She holds a Ph.D. in Curriculum and Instruction from the University of North Carolina at Greensboro and was an Excellence Fellowship recipient. She also has a Master of Arts degree in education from Appalachian State University and a Bachelor of Science in nursing from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She finished her Master of Science in nursing program at East Carolina University in 2008.

There are 88 included publications by Phoebe Ann Pollitt PhD:

TitleDateViewsBrief Description
12 Pioneer Native Alaskan Nurses 2024 119 This document contains primary sources with comments and context regarding the first 12 Native Alaskan Registered Nurses.
70th Anniversary Of The Student Nurse Association Of North Carolina 2019 180 The upcoming 2019 NCNA Annual Convention marks 70 years since delegates to the 42nd Convention, held in High Point in 1949, voted to sponsor a statewide Student Nurse Association. Four months later, on February 8, 1950, 136 student nurses and 15 facu...
Acknowledging NCNA's Racist History, Part 1: 1902-1949 2023 117 As part of the Board of Directors' new strategic priority, Relentless Inclusion, the North Carolina Nurses Association is spending much of 2023 on a multipronged effort to address racism within the nursing profession. A significant part of that effor...
Advocacy: An Essential Competency Of The Clinical Nurse Specialist 2019 1147 In 1956 Dr Hildegarde Peplau established the first Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) program, resulting in the first advanced practice nursing role. The CNS is one of 4 advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) roles prepared by education at the master...
Amy Morris Bradley -- Establishing Schools In Wilmington: From Diary And Letters, 1867-1871 2000 86 Amy Morris Bradley (1823-1904) served as a nurse during the Civil War. After the war, she was asked to serve as a missionary worker for the American Unitarian Association (AUA) and the Soldiers' Memorial Society, founded by the AUA to honor Unitarian...
Appalachian's First Health Care Provider, Nurse Mary S. Shook 2016 602 Generations of Appalachian students received care from this founding member of the Student Health Association of North Carolina. The university's M.S. Shook Health Service is named for her.
Appalachia Health Care: The Grace Hospital School Of Nursing 1992 514 After the Civil War and Recontruction, the South was in chaos. The economy was in a shambles and many social institutions had been destroyed. The task of rebuilding society frequently fell to the churches. Many Protestant denominations sent mission w...
Back To The Beginning: The PA And NP Professions Each Got A Nudge From An MSN Program At Duke 2011 108 Through decades of role confusion and conflict among nurse practitioners, clinical nurse specialists and physician assistants, little attention has been given to their mutual antecedent, a short-lived (1958-1962) master of science in nursing program ...
The Beginnings Of Associate Degree Nursing Education In North Carolina 2023 89 A brief history of how community colleges helped advance nursing education in North Carolina after World War II.
Book Review -- A Special Place: St. Mary's Hospital School Of Nursing, Clarksburg, West Virginia, 1905-1969, A History (Compiled And Edited By Barbara W. Flewellyn) 2020 113 A book review by Phoebe Pollitt of A Special Place: St. Mary's Hospital School of Nursing, Clarksburg, West Virginia, 1905-1969, A History (compiled and edited by Barbara W. Flewellyn).
A Brief History Of The Duke University School Of Nursing 2021 395 Ninety years ago, on January 2, 1931, the Duke University School of Nursing opened its doors to its first class of 24 students. Only a year earlier, Dean Bessie Baker, RN, moved to Durham to lead the new nursing school and to also become head of Nurs...
Brief History Of Men In Nursing In North Carolina 2017 520 Before the 1950s, professional nursing was not welcoming to men. The American Nurses Association did not allow male membership for its first 40 years and the US Army Nurse Corps only began employing male nurses in 1955. Very few men were taught or pr...
Brief History Of Nursing In Rural North Carolina 2018 364 For over a hundred years, organized nursing in North Carolina has recognized the unique health challenges faced by people living in rural areas. From the founding of nurse Lydia Holman's Holman Association in 1903 to today's focus on telehealth and a...
Brief History Of School Nursing In North Carolina 2018 283 Within a decade of Lina Rogers Struthers becoming the first school nurse in the United States in 1902 in New York City, Percy Powers of Winston-Salem became the first school nurse in North Carolina. In 1911, the Wayside Workers of the Home Moravian C...
Caring for Communities in 'The Land of the Sky': Health Care Institutions and Asheville Multiculturalism 2014 379 This article won the NC Association of Historians 2014 Brewster Award.
Carver Hospital Served Blacks For 15 Years 2015 61 A brief history of the Carver Memorial Hospital in Chattanooga, Tennessee.
Catherine Natsuko Yamaguchi Chin: An Extraordinary Life 2021 314 A brief bio of Catherine Natsuko Yamaguchi, who was was one of about 85 Japanese American registered nurses to be forced into Relocation Centers across the country (U.S.A.).
A Century Of Legislative Accomplishments Of North Carolina Nurses 2015 280 A timeline of some major North Carolina legislative accomplishments by NC nurses during the twentieth century.
Charlotte Rhone: First African American Registered Nurse 2015 425 New Bern, North Carolina, can proudly claim to be the home of the first African American Registered Nurse in the United States -- Charlotte Rhone.
Charlotte Rhone: Nurse, Welfare Worker, And Entrepreneur 2015 435 Charlotte Rhone, a pioneering African American nurse born in Craven County, North Carolina, at the end of the post–Civil War Reconstruction era, grew up in a society shaped by the harshly discriminatory Jim Crow laws enacted in her home state and in ...
Dr. Ernestine Brown Small: Activist, Leader, Scholar 2022 182 With intelligence, determination, and courage, Ernestine Brown Small, born into a family of rural sharecroppers in Northampton County, became the 34th President of NCNA. Small's parents were unable to finish high school because they had to work to he...
Dunnwyche — NCNA’s Home For Tubercular Nurses 2018 226 In the early twentieth century, tuberculosis (TB), a highly contagious disease, was a leading cause of death in North Carolina. During that era, TB treatment consisted of long bed rest, proper nutrition and fresh air. About half of the people who con...
Eloise "Patty" Rawlings Lewis: Scholar, Practitioner, Leader, Trailblazer 2022 105 Eloise Patricia Lewis, RN, PhD, was one of North Carolina’s most influential nurses. Some of her contributions to nursing include being the founding dean of the UNC-Greensboro School of Nursing, President of the North Carolina Nurse Association (1967...
Environmental Nursing: Leaders Reflect On The 50th Anniversary Of Earth Day 2020 1303 The notion that “it takes a village” rings particularly true for the incredible progress that a small village of environmental health nursing leaders has helped to accomplish. Many nurses who come to environmental health also have had an abiding rela...
Ernest Grant's Journey To ANA President 2019 494 On January 1, 2019, James Ernest Grant, RN, PhD, FAAN, became president of the American Nurses Association. His election to ANA's highest office is historic because Grant is the first male ANA president, the third African American to lead the organiz...
Esther McReady, RN: Nursing Advocate For Civil Rights 2016 986 More than a decade before the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as an African American teenager from Baltimore, Maryland, Esther McCready challenged the discriminatory admissions policies of the University of Maryland School of Nursing (UMSON). The article e...
The First Registered Nurse In The United States: Josephine (Bradham) Burton 2012 3309 For over a hundred years the story and even the name of the first registered nurse (RN) in the United States has been inaccurately reported and shrouded in mystery. Nurse Mary Rose Batterham went to her grave in 1927, 24 years after she registered he...
Frances Stout, R.N.: Community Health Leader Of The Tohono O'odham Nation 2011 141 After spending 33 years caring for the health needs of her fellow Native Americans as a nurse with the Indian Health Service, Frances Stout, R.N., had earned a well-deserved rest. She could have taken some time for herself, started a hobby, or perhap...
From National Negro Health Week to National Public Health Week 1996 3062 National Negro Health Week is a program that targeted the African-American population,and this precursor of National Public Health Week left a legacy of health awareness in the US. Theactive political participation of local and national National Negr...
Goldie Allen: Appalachian Itinerant Red Cross Nurse 1993 244 At the turn of the twentieth century gains in knowledge related to the etiology, transmission, treatment, and prevention of many diseases gave rise to new efforts in the field of public health. Women trained in the emerging field of professional publ...
HELP! I Need A Reference Librarian, An Archivist, And A Website Guru -- And I Found Them All In Belk Library! 2014 463 This presentation demonstrates what happened when a Nursing Professor and a Health Sciences Librarian joined forces to build a nursing history website. At Appalachian State University’s Belk Library it sparked what became an ongoing collaboration wit...
Heroes Of Healing: A Tribute To NC Nurses 2021 202 Nursing has a long history in North Carolina, yet the stories of the women and men who care for us too often go untold . . . Nurses are all around us: in hospitals, clinics, psychiatric facilities, prisons, schools, hospice centers, and people's home...
History Of Hospice Nursing -- North Carolina Nurses Making An Impact 2022 223 Providing care for dying people has existed in cultures around the globe and throughout recorded history. During the Middle Ages, Christian religious orders established networks of hospices across Europe, in particular along the routes of the Crusade...
History Of Legislation Affecting NPs In North Carolina 2017 606 One of NONA’S legislative priorities in 2017 is House Bill 88/Senate Bill 73, the Modernize Nursing Practice Act. The bill is currently working its way through the General Assembly, and will allow, among other things, full practice authority for APRN...
The History Of Professional Nursing In North Carolina, 1902-2002 2014 1970 For over 100 years, North Carolina nurses have joined an honored profession and worn their uniforms proudly. The years of rigorous training, the long hours and low pay have been balanced by the knowledge: that they were providing a unique service in ...
Jane Renwick Smedburg Wilkes 1999 560 Jane Wilkes of Charlotte, NC was one of the first women to volunteer to nurse sick and wounded Civil War soldiers at both the Wayside Hospital and the Confederate Military Hospital in Charlotte. These early nursing volunteers formed the Ladies Hospit...
Kathleen Bragg Of Ocracoke: Pioneer Outer Banks Nurses 2020 252 The Outer Banks are a 175-mile chain of remote and windswept barrier islands that skirt the coast of North Carolina; Ocracoke Island is one of the most isolated. Before the 1950s, there were no paved roads, electricity, water, or sewer systems on the...
Learning Freely: Black Education In North Carolina After The Civil War 1993 206 In the antebellum era, free black children in North Carolina could attend school, but few schools existed to serve this group. All enslaved people were legally banned from any form of schooling on the pain of fines, imprisonment and the whipping post...
Let's Start At The Very Beginning 2021 499 In September (2021), Meka Douthit EL was installed as the 55th president of your North Carolina Nurses Association. This seems like a good time to look back at some of the first of her 54 predecessors!
Lina Rogers Struthers: The First School Nurse 1994 2114 The history of modern nursing in the United States has not been amply explored. Many nurses working today are unaware of important figures from our collective professional past. This article is an attempt to retrieve a small but significant piece of ...
A Look Back At The NC Association Of Colored Graduate Nurses 2016 351 When NCNA formed in 1902, membership privileges were extended only to white nurses. Although North Carolina was then home to several high caliber nursing schools for African Americans, including St. Agnes in Raleigh, Lincoln in Durham, and Good Samar...
A Look To The Past: NC Nursing Greats, Mary Lewis Wyche 2009 315 Mary Lewis Wyche was born on February 26, 1858 near Henderson in Vance County. As a young woman, she wanted to become a nurse but was thwarted by both family obligations and the absence of any schools of nursing in North Carolina. Her calling to beco...
The Lumbee Indian Nurses 2015 684 The origins of the 55,000 member Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina are unclear. Many think the Lumbee are descendants of Sir Walter Raleigh’s Roanoke Island “Lost Colonists” of 1587, the first permanent English settlers in North America. A new group of ...
Lydia Holman: Community Health Pioneer 1991 104 A biographical sketch of Lydia Holman, who spent 58 years caring for rural, Appalachian families in and around Mitchell, Yancey and Avery Counties (NC) in the early 1900s.
Madelon "Glory" Battle Hancock, Heroine Of World War I 2017 566 2017 marks the 100th anniversary of the United States' entry in World War I (WW1). Few know that Madelon "Glory" Battle Hancock of Asheville, North Carolina, was the most decorated nurse who served with the Allied Forces in WW1. As a British Red Cros...
Margaret Dolan -- National Nursing Leader 2017 695 Margaret Baggett Dolan was the fifth of nine children born to John and Allene Keeter Baggett on March 17, 1914, in Lillington, North Carolina. She graduated from Georgetown Hospital School of Nursing in 1935. Dolan began her career in community healt...
Mary Rose Batterham: The Second Registered Nurse In The United States 2012 303 Mary Rose Batterham spent her first decade as a nurse battling everything from typhoid epidemics to state legislators. She was a remarkable woman possessing a range of abilities which included assisting in surgeries performed on kitchen tables in App...
NCNA's 113th Convention . . . In 118 Years? 2020 103 A brief history of the North Carolina Nursing Association's Annual Conventions (NCNA), first held in Asheville on June 9-12, 1903.
NCNA Looks Back At Its Racial History Part 3: 1980-Today, An Era Of Racial Progress 2023 105 Editor’s Note: As part of the Board of Directors’ new strategic priority, Relentless Inclusion, the North Carolina Nurses Association is spending much of 2023 on a multipronged effort to address racism within the nursing profession. A significant par...
NCNA Looks Back At Its Racial History, Part 2: 1950-1981 2023 126 A continuing series of articles for the Tar Heel Nurse examining the North Carolina Nurses Association's formation, evolution, and examples of events that could and should have been handled differently.
NCNA Members Running For The State Legislature 2022 70 North Carolina nurses have been represented in the state legislature intermittently since Sam Beam was elected from the 38th House District in 1980. This year we have the opportunity to elect five to the General Assembly, including four NCNA members....
North Carolina, Pioneer In American Nursing 2010 2450 On March 3, 1903, before women in the United States had the right to vote or were allowed to hold public office, the state legislature in North Carolina, at the urging of the newly formed North Carolina State Nurses Association (NCSNA), passed the fi...
The North Carolina Association Of Colored Graduate Nurses: A Proud Heritage 1997 242 In this article the authors discuss the development of the North Carolina Association of Colored Graduate Nurses.
North Carolina Chiefs Of The United States Army Nurse Corps 2015 361 The Spanish American War of 1898 was the first war in which the US Army hired graduate nurses to serve on a contract basis. Their work saved many lives and in 1903 the US Congress established a permanent US Army Nurse Corps (USANC). Thousands of nurs...
Nurse Frances Allen And The 1944 Polio Epidemic In Hickory 2020 184 As all our lives are being affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, it is good to remember and honor a nurse who played an important role during an earlier epidemic in our state. In 1944, the national nursing workforce was seriously depleted meeting the ne...
Nurses Fight For The Right To Vote: Spotlighting Four Nurses Who Supported The Women’s Suffrage Movement 2018 2397 The Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees women the right to vote. Its ratification in 1920 represented the culmination of a decades-long fight in which thousands of women and men marched, picketed, lobbied, and gave speeches in su...
Nurses In The Civil Rights Movement 2016 3718 A black student at a “whites-only” Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina; a Freedom Rider in Jackson, Mississippi; a participant in the March on Washington; a community organizer for the Freedom Summer; two marchers from Selma to Mo...
Nurses In Congress: Eddie Bernice Johnson 2020 629 Texas nurse Eddie Bernice Johnson became the first nurse to win a national office in 1993 when she was elected to serve the 30th Congressional District of Texas in the United States House of Representatives. Twenty-six years later, Johnson continues ...
A Nurse's Journey: Sage Memorial Hospital School Of Nursing 2013 233 For Native American nurses, many of their stories have been lost to the past. Scholars have generally paid scant attention to the lives and deeds of rural minority women, and few articles have been written about the early education of Native American...
Nursing Ambassador To The World 2009 782 One of the most inspiring yet little-known life stories of a minority nursing pioneer is that of U.S. Public Health Service nurse Mary Lee Mills, MSN, RN, MPH, CNM. Now 96 years old, Mills was born in 1912 and raised outside Watha, an impoverished ru...
Nursing and the New Deal: We Met the Challenge 1997 2587 The years of the great depression were marked with unemployment and economic ruin for many people. Americans were left feeling helpless and hopeless. After the 1932 presidental election of Franklin Roosevelt, his administration embarked on a course o...
Nursing History Council Recaps The First NCNA Convention 2014 233 This is a brief recap of nurse Mary Lewis Wyche's efforts to create and establish a statewide nursing organization in North Carolina.
Nursing in a Time and Place of Peril: Five North Carolina Nurses 2013 1325 Nurses are all around us. They attend our births and deaths, administer healing treatments when we are ill andhelp us promote well-being through public health and mental health programs. Almost every family can identify a nurseor two on its family tr...
Pioneering Health Care For African-Americans 2015 151 The story of African-American health care in Chattanooga begins in 1905, the year Dr. Emma Wheeler and her husband, Dr. John Wheeler, came to Chattanooga to set up a joint medical practice . . . At the time, Baroness Erlanger Hospital, the largest an...
Presidential Profile: Sandra (Randleman) Wilder 2024 64 A profile of former President of NCNA, Sandra (Randleman) Wilder.
Public Spirit 2013 413 In the early decades of the 20th century, life was very hard for the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (EBCI) in western North Carolina. Every major index of quality of life, including housing, education and health care, was deplorable, even by the st...
Reaching Millennials With Nursing History 2016 1448 The North Carolina Nursing History (NCNH) website, a comprehensive, award-winning, and rich educational resource, was developed by nursing and library faculty and staff at Appalachian State University and is being used by nursing faculty and students...
Remembering Nurses In The 1918 Flu Pandemic 2020 310 From 1918 to 1921, an H1N1 influenza virus killed tens of millions of people around the globe. That pandemic first appeared in North Carolina in September 1918. Within weeks, thousands were sickened and many died. Governments shuttered schools, churc...
Reverend Hannah Powell And Friendly House: A Universalist Mission In Appalachia 2000 349 Universalism has had a checkered history in Appalachian North Carolina. Since the establishment of the first church in the post-Civil War era, there have been periods of great interest and growing membership interspersed with years of decline and neg...
Russell Eugene Tranbarger: Renaissance Nurse 2013 1799 “If you are going to get involved—get involved. Don’t sit on the sidelines,” says Dr. Russell Eugene Tranbarger. Without question, he has followed his own advice. Educator, clinician, historian, legislative advocate, leader, author, editor, role mode...
The Salem School And Orphanage: White Missionaries, Black School 1993 983 The academic focus on multiculturalism in the late 20th century gives the impression that society was homogeneous until very recently. In particular, and despite the efforts of numerous scholars, the myth persists that the Appalachian region is a sta...
Sam Beam, RN: North Carolina's First Registered Nurse State Legislator 2021 177 A column/essay on Sam Beam, RN -- North Carolina's first Registered Nurse State Legislator, who served in the NC House of Representatives from 1980-1984 and served as legislative assistant to the Speaker of the NC House of Representatives from 1984-1...
School Nursing In North Carolina: From A New Idea To The New Deal (Part 1) 1997 254 School nursing programs were introduced in New York City in 1902. Afterward, several municipal school and health districts, particularly in the Northeast and the West, began their own school nursing services (Rogers, 1917). In other areas of the coun...
School Nursing In North Carolina: From A New Idea To The New Deal (Part 2) 1997 186 Complementing the work of the nurses from the State Board of Health was the effort of hundreds of nurses employed by church and civic groups to· provide public health services to their communities. Their work usually included school health. The Ameri...
The Second Generation Of NCNA Leaders 2022 121 We highlighted the first four presidents of NCNA in the Special Fall 2021 issue of the Tar Heel Nurse. Those nursing leaders, Mary Wyche, Constance Pfohl, Cleone Hobbs, and Eugenia Henderson, founded an organization, helped pass the first nursing reg...
Serving With Care And Compassion: North Carolina Nurses In The Spanish-American War 2012 357 Lucy Ashby Sharp, born January 13, 1862, dreamed of becoming a nurse while growing up after the Civil War on the family plantation, Edgewood, near Eden in Rockingham County, North Carolina. She probably imagined herself in a crisp white uniform with ...
A Sourcebook Of The North Carolina Association Of Colored Nurses 2022 496 The first 50 years of organized professional nursing the United States were marred by racial exclusion, prejudice and segregation. From education to employment to membership in professional associations, African American nurses in North Carolina, ind...
St. Agnes Of Nursing: A Legacy Of Hope 2000 494 This article traces the beginning of African Americans in the nursing profession in the state of North Carolina with particular emphasis on the origin and demise of the St. Agnes School of Nursing at St. Augustine's College in Raleigh, NC.
Terry Taylor, RN: Courageous HIV/AIDS Activist 2020 337 Terry Sullivan Taylor, RN, was born in Charlotte in 1941 and graduated from Watts Hospital School of Nursing in Durham in 1959. While Taylor was in nursing school, her sister Tonda “came out” as a lesbian. Her parents reacted as many people reacted i...
Three Trailblazing Hawaiian Nurses 2022 119 Hawai’i’ is one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse places on Earth. This rich blend is reflective of its nursing history. Pioneer Registered Nurses in Hawaii include nurses of Native Hawaiian, English, Chinese, Japanese, and Filipino he...
Trailblazers In Nursing History: Chinese-American Nurse Elsie Chin Yuen Seetoo, RN (Part One) 2022 114 When Elsie Chin Yuen Seetoo was born on September 14, 1918, in Stockton, California, no one could imagine that by the time she was 30 she would work in a hospital under attack by the Japanese Army; escape occupied Hong Kong disguised as a Chinese ser...
Trailblazers In Nursing History: Chinese-American Nurse Elsie Chin Yuen Seetoo, RN (Part Two) 2022 89 At the beginning of the war, rural China had very few hospitals, medical supplies, equipment or trained personnel. Malnutrition, lack of basic sanitation, overwork and disease were commonplace, making the provision of health care very challenging. Ru...
Two North Carolina Nurses Who Served In The Korean War 2020 307 Fifty years ago, on June 27, 1950, the United States entered a war on the Korean Peninsula to fight aggression by the communist government of North Korea. Before the armistice was declared in 1953, 540 nurses served in Korea and another 1,000 or so s...
UNC-Chapel Hill School Of Nursing Celebrates 70 Years Of Nursing Education 2021 77 On the crisp fall morning of September 14, 1951, a group of 27 young, White, women arrived on the segregated campus of UNC-Chapel Hill to begin their historic journey as the first class of Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree students in North Carol...
Using A Nursing History Web Site With Today's Nursing Students 2015 978 Recognizing the importance of nursing history, an interdisciplinary team at Appalachian State University created a North Carolina Nursing History Web site (http://nursinghistory.appstate.edu/). The Web site can be used for teaching undergraduate and ...
Virginia Sneed Dixon: Remarkable Eastern Band Cherokee Indian RN And Military Heroine 2021 127 Virginia Sneed was a young Cherokee nurse from the Qualla Boundary when she joined the US Army Nurse Corps to fight fascism and promote democracy around the world. Despite facing racial discrimination as a child, she volunteered for overseas duty in ...
When One Goes Nursing, All Things Must Be Expected 2002 522 The names and accomplishment of Ella King Newsome, Phoebe Yates Pember, and Kate Cummings are familiar to students of Confederate and Civil War nursing history. Newsome, Pember, and Yates were great nursing leaders, organizing and managing large hosp...
WSSU Reaches A Major Milestone 2024 65 In 2023, the Winston Salem State University (WSSU) School of Nursing celebrated 70 years of service. Thirty three African American women made history on September 15, 1953, when they became the inaugural class of nursing students at Winston Salem Sta...