| Bargaining and Trust: The Effects of 36-H Total Sleep Deprivation on Socially Interactive Decisions |
2010 |
2934 |
Although it is well known that sleep loss results in poor judgement and decisions, little is known about the influence of social context in these processes. Sixteen healthy young adults underwent three games involving bargaining (‘Ultimatum’ and ‘Dic... |
| A Bargaining Experiment to Motivate Discussion on Fairness |
2002 |
5591 |
The author presents a classroom version of the popular research game called the Ultimatum Game. Researchers are placing growing importance on how fairness affects behavior, and this experiment provides a useful, fun, and engaging way in which a day o... |
| Bargaining Outcomes with Double-Offer Arbitration |
2005 |
2666 |
Increasingly, arbitration is becoming used to resolve bargaining disputes in a variety of
settings. Reducing dispute rates is often listed as a main goal in designing arbitration
mechanisms. Conventional arbitration and final-offer arbitration are ... |
| Bayesian Versus Heuristic-Based Choice Under Sleep Restriction And Suboptimal Times Of Day |
2017 |
948 |
This paper examines the impact of a commonly experienced adverse cognitive state on decision making under uncertainty. Specifically, we administer an at-home sleep restriction protocol combined with random assignment to the time-of-day for decision m... |
| The Carrot vs. the Stick in Work Team Motivation |
2001 |
8185 |
This paper reports on the use of carrot (positive) and stick (negative) incentives as
methods of increasing effort among members of work teams. We study teams of four members
in a laboratory environment in which giving effort towards the team goal ... |
| The Chilling Effect of Optimism: The Case of Final-Offer Arbitration |
2006 |
4011 |
This article examines the incentive effects of final-offer arbitration (FOA) when disputants have optimistic (i.e., biased) beliefs about the arbitrator's settlement preferences. Optimism is shown to increase the divergence in Nash equilibrium final ... |
| A Comparison of Conventional, Final-Offer, and “Combined” Arbitration for Dispute Resolution |
2004 |
3868 |
Two widely used forms of arbitration are conventional arbitration, in which the arbitrator makes an unconstrained settlement choice, and final-offer arbitration, in which the arbitrator must choose between disputants' final offers. Under an innovativ... |
| Discrimination As Favoritism: The Private Benefits And Social Costs Of In-Group Favoritism In An Experimental Labor Market |
2018 |
520 |
We examine both the private benefits and spillover costs of labor market favoritism in a unique laboratory experiment design. Our data show that both employment preference and wage offers favor in-group members. Workers positively reciprocate towards... |
| Does Fact-Finding Promote Settlement? Theory and a Test |
2005 |
2663 |
Nonbinding recommendations, such as provided by fact-finders, are shown to significantly increase voluntary settlements in bargaining. Theoretically, it is unclear whether recommendations will increase settlement rates. A recommendation may reduce ou... |
| Dubious And Dubiouser: Contingent Valuation And The Time Of Day |
2014 |
1237 |
We collect contingent valuation data from 524 student survey respondents over a 3-day, 72-hour period. Data analysis of a hypothetical campus referendum focuses on time-of-day effects on willingness to pay for a renewable energy project. We find that... |
| The Effects of Beliefs versus Risk Attitude on Bargaining Outcomes |
2009 |
2212 |
In bargaining environments with uncertain disagreement or “impasse” outcomes (e.g., litigation or labor strike outcomes), there is an identification problem that confounds data interpretation. Specifically, the minimally acceptable settlement value f... |
| The Effects of One Night of Sleep Deprivation on Known-Risk and Ambiguous-Risk Decisions |
2007 |
2390 |
Sleep deprivation has been shown to alter decision-making abilities. The majority of research has utilized fairly complex tasks with the goal of emulating ’real-life’ scenarios. Here, we use a Lottery Choice Task (LCT) which assesses risk and ambigui... |
| The Effects of Total Sleep Deprivation on Bayesian Updating |
2008 |
2191 |
Subjects perform a decision task (Grether, 1980) in both a well-rested and experimentally sleep-deprived state. We have two main results: 1) final choice accuracy is unaffected by sleep deprivation, and yet 2) the estimated decision model differs sig... |
| Emotion Venting And Punishment In Public Good Experiments |
2014 |
2744 |
Experimental studies have shown that sanctions effectively deter free riding within groups. However, the over-use of costly punishment may actually harm overall welfare. A main reason for over-punishment is that free-riders generate negative emotions... |
| An Examination Of Circadian Impacts On Judgments |
2020 |
1048 |
Many people suffer from insufficient sleep and the adverse effects of sleep deprivation or chronic sleep restriction are well documented. Relatedly, recent research has shown that people’s judgments and decisions can be affected by circadian timing. ... |
| Experiment Timing and Preferences for Fairness |
2009 |
2547 |
Classroom experiments examining fairness preferences [Andreoni, J., Miller, J., 2002. Giving according to GARP: an experimental test of the consistency of preferences for Altruism. Econometrica 70 (2), 737–753] were conducted to examine two issues: f... |
| An Experimental Examination of Labor Supply and Work Intensities |
1999 |
3545 |
Estimated negative substitution effects on work hours question the
empirical validity of the classical labor supply model. Estimates are
reconciled by allowing a dual choice of hours and effort for piecerate
workers. In such a model, these negativ... |
| Illustrated Examples of the Effects of Risk Preferences and Expectations on Bargaining Outcomes |
2003 |
4044 |
The author highlights bargaining examples that use expected utility theory. Bargainer payoffs in the event of a dispute are represented by a simple lottery. Expectations are assumed to affect a bargainer's subjective probabilities over lottery outcom... |
| Knowledge Management and Comparative International Strategies on Vertical Information Flow in the Global Food System |
2002 |
1936 |
Abstract unavailable |
| Meat Traceability: Are U.S. Consumers Willing To Pay for It? |
2002 |
1845 |
This article reports the results from a series of laboratory auction markets in which consumers bid on meat characteristics. The characteristics examined include meat traceability (i.e., the ability to trace the retail meat back to the farm or animal... |
| Monitoring Decrease Work Effort? The Complementarity Between Agency and Crowding-Out Theories |
2008 |
2218 |
Agency theory assumes that tighter monitoring by the principal should motivate agents to increase their effort, whereas the “crowding-out” literature suggests that the opposite may occur. These two assertions are not necessarily contradictory provide... |
| Negative Values in Vickrey Auctions |
2004 |
2384 |
Some people assign negative values for new products sold on laboratory auction blocks
(i.e., irradiated meat). We explore bidding behavior in two Vickrey auctions when
people have positive and negative induced values for the good. Aggregate bidding... |
| Neural Correlates Of Decision-Making During A Bayesian Choice Task |
2017 |
298 |
Many critical decisions require evaluation of accumulated previous information and/or newly acquired evidence. Although neural correlates of belief updating have been investigated, how these neural processes guide decisions involving Bayesian choice ... |
| Nonbinding Suggestions: The Relative Effects of Focal Points versus Uncertainty Reduction on Bargaining Outcomes |
2010 |
1414 |
This paper focuses on the effects of nonbinding recommendations on bargaining outcomes. Recommendations are theorized to have two effects: they can create a focal point for final bargaining positions, and they can decrease outcome uncertainty should ... |
| Norm Enforcement In Social Dilemmas: An Experiment With Police Commissioners |
2015 |
1149 |
Do individuals trained in law enforcement punish or reward differently from typical student-subjects? We analyze norm enforcement behavior of newly appointed police commissioners in both a game with positive externalities (based on a Voluntary Contri... |
| Observed Punishment Spillover Effects: A Laboratory Investigation Of Behavior In A Social Dilemma |
2014 |
1269 |
Punishment has been shown to be an effective reinforcement mechanism. Intentional or not, punishment will likely generate spillover effects that extend beyond one’s immediate decision environment, and these spillovers are not as well understood. We s... |
| On-the-Job Leisure as a Cause of Asymmetric Observed Effort Distributions |
2006 |
1910 |
When employers observe imperfect measures of worker effort, theorists typically assume
that observed effort is unimodal and symmetrically distributed. Though observable effort may
be distributed in different ways within a work day, for example, ava... |
| Personal Sleep Debt And Daytime Sleepiness Mediate The Relationship Between Sleep And Mental Health Outcomes In Young Adults |
2018 |
1682 |
Background: Sleep duration and chronotype (i.e., morningness–eveningness) are associated with increased depression and anxiety risk, but differences in individual sleep need and lifestyle may mean these sleep parameters do not present the same risk a... |
| The Physical Sacrifice Of Thinking: Investigating The Relationship Between Thinking And Physical Activity In Everyday Life |
2015 |
1498 |
Physical activity level is an important contributor to overall human health and obesity. Research has shown that humans possess a number of traits that influence their physical activity level including social cognition. We examined whether the trait ... |
| A Practical Validation Study Of A Commercial Accelerometer Using Good And Poor Sleepers |
2016 |
1294 |
We validated a Fitbit sleep tracking device against typical research-use actigraphy across four nights on 38 young adults. Fitbit devices overestimated sleep and were less sensitive to differences compared to the Actiwatch, but nevertheless captured ... |
| Rationality Around the Clock: Sleep and Time-of-Day Effects on Guessing Game Responses |
2010 |
2204 |
We administer an online Guessing Game collecting responses across all 24 h of the day. While time-of-day itself does not affect guesses, when including trait-level sleepiness and previous night sleep, adverse sleep states lead to responses significan... |
| Sleep Restriction And Circadian Effects On Social Decisions |
2017 |
1315 |
Our study examines how chronic sleep restriction and suboptimal times-of-day affect decisions in a classic set of social tasks. We experimentally manipulate and objectively measured sleep in 184 young-adult subjects, who were also randomly assigned a... |
| Sleepiness, Choice Consistency, And Risk Preferences |
2016 |
381 |
We investigate the consistency and stability of individual risk preferences by manipulating cognitive resources. Participants are randomly assigned to an experiment session at a preferred time of day relative to their diurnal preference (circadian ma... |
| Statistical Discrimination in Labor Markets: An Experimental Analysis |
2009 |
2583 |
This article reports results from controlled laboratory experiments designed to study second-moment (that is, risk-based) statistical discrimination in a labor market setting. Since decision makers may not view risk in the same way as economists or s... |
| Symmetric Experimental Designs: Conditions For Equivalence Of Panel Data Estimators |
2016 |
1055 |
This paper specifies the panel data experimental design condition under which ordinary least squares, fixed effects, and random effects estimators yield identical estimates of treatment effects. This condition is relevant to the large body of laborat... |
| Thinking About Complex Decisions: How Sleep And Time-Of-Day Influence Complex Choices |
2019 |
1114 |
In this study, we systematically manipulate a person’s state of sleep; Sleep-deprived and Well-rested along with Matching or Mismatching the decision time-of-day to their circadian preferred time-of-day. We assessed how these conditions influenced pe... |
| Thinking About Decisions: An Integrative Approach Of Person And Task Factors |
2020 |
305 |
Decisions vary. They may vary in both content and complexity. People also vary. An important way that people vary is how much they think. Some prior research investigating thinking and decision making largely conflicts with most traditional decision ... |
| Traceability in the Canadian Red Meat Sector: Do Consumers Care? |
2005 |
4567 |
Increased traceability of food and food ingredients through the agri-food chain has featured in recent industry initiatives in the Canadian livestock sector and is an important facet of the new Canadian Agricultural Policy Framework (APF). While trac... |
| Trading While Sleepy? Circadian Mismatch And Mispricing In A Global Experimental Asset Market |
2019 |
1342 |
Traders in global markets operate at different local times-of-day. This implies heterogeneity in circadian timing and likely sleepiness or alertness of those traders operating at less or more optimal times of the day, respectively. This, in turn, may... |
| Ultimatum Decision-Making: A Test of Reciprocal Kindness |
2000 |
2604 |
While fairness is often mentioned as a determinant of ultimatum bargaining behavior,
few data sets are available that can test theories that incorporate fairness considerations. This paper tests the reciprocal kindness theory in Rabin (1993) as an a... |
| Using Ethical Dilemmas To Predict Antisocial Choices With Real Payoff Consequences: An Experimental Study |
2019 |
1167 |
In this paper we investigate the relationship between ethical choices and antisocial behaviors. To address this issue we ran a within-subjects laboratory experiment that included both a classic (hypothetical) moral dilemma (using the well-known Troll... |
| The Viability Of An Ecologically Valid Chronic Sleep Restriction And Circadian Timing Protocol: An Examination Of Sample Attrition, Compliance, And Effectiveness At Impacting Sleepiness And Mood |
2017 |
904 |
Chronic sleep restriction (SR) increases sleepiness, negatively impacts mood, and impairs a variety of cognitive performance measures. The vast majority of work establishing these effects are tightly controlled in-lab experimental studies. Examining ... |
| The Voluntary Contributions Mechanism with Uncertain Group Payoffs |
1998 |
3535 |
This paper reports the results of an experimental study which introduces an endogenous probability of public good provision into the voluntary contributions mechanism. Specifically, the two treatments allow for nonprovision even with positive contrib... |
| Voluntary Sleep Choice And Its Effects On Bayesian Decisions |
2015 |
1324 |
This study examines whether voluntary sleep restriction at commonly experienced levels impacts decision making in a Bayesian choice task. Participants recruited were largely traditional age college students from a regional state university (n = 100) ... |
| What is Fair? Experimental Evidence |
2002 |
2872 |
There has been growing interest within the economics discipline in the role of equity concerns in the distribution of resources. This paper presents empirical evidence from controlled laboratory experiments where third-party decision makers allocate ... |