Nonbinding Suggestions: The Relative Effects of Focal Points versus Uncertainty Reduction on Bargaining Outcomes

ASU Author/Contributor (non-ASU co-authors, if there are any, appear on document)

David L. Dickinson Ph.D., Professor (Creator)

Institution

Appalachian State University (ASU )

Web Site: https://library.appstate.edu/

Abstract: This paper focuses on the effects of nonbinding recommendations on bargaining outcomes. Recommendations are theorized to have two effects: they can create a focal point for final bargaining positions, and they can decrease outcome uncertainty should dispute persist. While the focal point effect may help lower dispute rates, the uncertainty reduction effect is predicted to do the opposite for risk-averse bargainers. Which of these effects dominates is of critical importance in the optimal design of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) procedures, which are becoming increasingly utilized to help resolve disputes in a variety of settings. We theoretically examine the effects of recommendations on the bargaining contract zone. Our theoretical framework, which allows bargainers’ final positions to influence a binding outcome should negotiations fail, provides for a more stringent test of focal points than previously considered. We also present data from controlled laboratory bargaining experiments that are consistent with our model of recommendation effects. Recommendations are empirically shown to influence final bargaining positions and negotiated settlement values. Furthermore, dispute rates are significantly lower when one includes recommendations, even where the recommendation is completely ignored in final-stage arbitration. This highlights a potentially significant role for the use of nonbinding procedures, such as mediation, as a preliminary stage in developing more efficient ADR procedures.

Nonbinding Suggestions: The Relative Effects of Focal Points versus Uncertainty Reduction on Bargaining Outcomes
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Additional Information

Publication

Dickinson, David L. and Lynn Hunnicutt (2010) “Nonbinding Suggestions: The Relative Effects of Focal Points versus Uncertainty Reduction on Bargaining Outcomes.” Theory and Decision, 69(4): 615-634. DOI: 10.1007/s11238-009-9156-0 Published by Springer Verlag. The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com (ISSN: 0040-5833)

Language: English

Date: 2010

Keywords

Bargaining, Experiments, Dispute Resolution, Focal Points, Arbitration

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